Peace of Ryswick

The Treaty of Ryswick, or Ryswyck, was signed on 20 September 1697 and named after Ryswick (now Rijswijk) in the Dutch Republic. The treaty settled the War of the League of Augsburg (Nine Years' War), which pitted France against the Grand Alliance of England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the United Provinces. Under the terms of the treaty, France renounced some recent territorial gains, but did gain recognition for its control over Acadia and Saint-Domingue (to-be Haiti).

Negotiations started in May. The French representatives had their headquarters at The Hague, and the allies were based in Delft: the conference taking place in between the two towns in the Huis ter Nieuwburg, Ryswick.

For the first few weeks, no result was reached so in June the two protagonists in the struggle, William III of Orange and Louis XIV of France, each appointed one representative to meet together privately. The two chosen were William Bentinck, Earl of Portland, and Marshal Boufflers, and they soon drew up the terms of an agreement to which, however, neither the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I, nor Charles II of Spain would assent. Soon, Spain gave way, and on 20 September a treaty of peace was signed between France and the three powers, England, Spain and the United Provinces. William then persuaded Leopold to make peace, and a treaty between France and the Holy Roman Empire was signed on the following 30 October.

The basis of the peace was that all towns and districts seized since the Treaty of Nijmegen (1679) should be restored. France surrendered Freiburg, Breisach, and Philippsburg to the Holy Roman Empire, although it kept Strasbourg. On the other hand, France regained Pondichéry (after paying the Netherlands a sum of 16,000 pagodas), as well as Acadia, and Spain recovered Catalonia and the barrier fortresses of Mons, Luxembourg, and Kortrijk.

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