Pavel Klushantsev
| Pavel Klushantsev | |
|---|---|
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| Born |
Pavel Vladimirovich Klushantsev February 25, 1910 Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Died | April 27, 1999 (aged 89) Saint Petersburg, Russia |
| Occupation | film director, producer, screenwriter, author |
Pavel Vladimirovich Klushantsev (Russian: Па́вел Влади́мирович Клуша́нцев; 25 February 1910 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – 27 April 1999 in Saint Petersburg, Russia) was a Russian cameraman of higher category (1939), film director, producer, screenwriter and author who worked during the Soviet Era. Meritorious Artist of Russia (1970). Creator of cognitive films causing enormous spectator interest in the whole world. Combined the popular scientific cinema and science fiction. He is considered the founder of genre of space fantasy in the world cinema. A self-taught special effects engineer, far ahead of his time, Klushantsev devised many effects and techniques used by major motion pictures for decades to come.
Pavel Klushantsev was born in Saint Petersburg into a Russian family. His mother was a housewife of noble heritage. After the October revolution she worked as a teacher in a boarding school. During the 1930s her elder brother, a former White officer, was arrested under the suspicion of Sergey Kirov's murder and sent to prison camps. She died of starvation during the Leningrad Blockade. Pavel's father came from a small town of Staritsa in the Tver Oblast. He spent many years working as a zemstvo doctor following his graduation from the medical academy in Saint Petersburg. He was later appointed to work in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Empire and was granted a personal nobility. After the revolution he spent some years selling tickets on a railway station. He died in 1919.
Klushantsev graduated from the Leningrad Fototechnikum in 1930 and worked for Belgoskino as a cinematographer for four years. In 1934, he began working at Lenfilm / Lennauchfilm, where he became a director and producer, primarily making science educational films including his visionary film – Road to the Stars (1957). Prior to this film, Klushantsev's films were strictly factual, but here, the film builds on fact and extends it. The film becomes a hybrid documentary blending science with fiction edging firmly into science fiction. This film's special effects – the scientific accuracy of depicting weightlessness, construction in earth orbit, a rotating space station, and rocket travel to the moon – were the cutting edge visual effects of their time.
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