Pauls Stradiņš
| Pauls Stradiņš | |
|---|---|
Latvian postage stamp (1996)
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| Born |
January 17, 1896 Viesīte, Courland Governorate (now Latvia) |
| Died | August 14, 1958 (aged 62) Riga |
| Nationality | Latvian |
| Alma mater | Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy of Petrograd |
| Known for | Pioneering work on peripheral nerve injury, blood transfusion, and cancer treatment |
| Spouse | Ņina Stradiņa (née Malysheva, 1897–1991) |
Pauls Stradiņš (17 January 1896 – 14 August 1958) was a Latvian professor, physician, and surgeon who founded the Museum of the History of Medicine in Riga.
Stradiņš was born in Eķengrāve (German: Eckengraf)—now Viesīte—as the son of a craftsman and pub owner. He graduated from the Riga Alexander Gymnasium in 1914 and entered the S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg), where his professors included the Nobel Prize-winning physiologist Ivan Pavlov.
During World War I, Stradiņš was an army doctor on the Russian Western Front and in Persia, and then the chief of a surgical department in Vladivostok. After graduating from the military medical academy in 1919, he became an institute doctor (i.e., a candidate for an M.D. degree) in the academy's hospital surgery clinic, headed by Professor Sergey Fedorov, the former private surgeon of Tsar Nicholas II. Under Fedorov's supervision, Stradiņš completed a doctoral thesis on the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. It included data from 862 patients on trophic, secretory and vasomotor disturbances after injuries to the extremities, and on surgical and nonsurgical treatment methods.
In 1919, Stradiņš, working with N. N. Yelanski, I. R. Petrov, and other colleagues, produced the first standard serum for blood transfusion in Soviet Russia. Three years later, he ran an experiment on himself: A periarterial sympathectomy (pioneered by Mathieu Jaboulay) was performed on his left shoulder by V. N. Shamov, and Stradiņš personally evaluated the results. He also carried out physiological and pharmacological experiments in the laboratories of the physiologist Ivan Pavlov and pharmacologist Nikolai Kravkov.
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