Patagosmilus

Patagosmilus ("Patagonian knife" in Greek) is an extinct genus of meat-eating metatherian mammal of the Thylacosmilidae family, that lived in the middle of the Miocene in South America. Like another representatives of this family, like Thylacosmilus atrox and Anachlysictis gracilis, it was characterized by its elongated fangs of the upper jaw, similar to the well known "sabertooth cats" (Machairodontinae), which they were ecological equivalents. Despite being geologically younger than Anachlysictis, the morphology of Patagosmilus (including a bowed molar row and extremely long, "saber-like" upper canines) suggests that this species was more closely related to Thylacosmilus than Anachlysictis, though in other respects this species is less specialized than Thylacosmilus.

The only known species of Patagosmilus is P. goini, named in honor of the Argentine paleontologist Francisco Goín. This species was first described and named in 2010 by Analía Forasiepi and Alfredo Carlini based on the specimen MLP 07-VII-1-1, a crushed skull and several postcranial fragments including part of an ungual phalanx that was discovered in sediments dated in the Middle Miocene Colloncuran) in the west bank of the Chico River, in the Río Negro province in Patagonia, Argentina. This is the first representative of Thylacosmilidae which have been found remains in the Patagonia, and the first genus recognised, along with Thylacosmilus and Anachlysictis that is an indisputable member of this group.