Paranaguá
| Paranaguá | |||
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| Municipality | |||
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Município de Paranaguá Municipality of Paranaguá |
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Ilha da Cotinga as seen from the top of
the Palácio do Café |
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| Nickname(s): Berço da civilização paranaense Mãe do Paraná Grande mar redondo |
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 Location of Paranaguá in Paraná |
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 Paranaguá
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| Coordinates: 25°31′15″S 48°30′34″W / 25.52083°S 48.50944°WCoordinates: 25°31′15″S 48°30′34″W / 25.52083°S 48.50944°W | |||
| Country |
 Brazil
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| Region | South | ||
| State |
 Paraná
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| Founded | July 29, 1648 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor |
Edison Kersten (2013–2016) |
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| Area | |||
| • Total | 826.674 km2 (319.181 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) | ||
| Population (2013) | |||
| • Total | 148,232 | ||
| • Metro density | 169.92/km2 (440.1/sq mi) | ||
| Demonym(s) | Parnanguara | ||
| Time zone | BRT (UTC−3) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | BRST (UTC−2) | ||
Paranaguá (Great Round Sea, in Tupi) is a city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. Founded in 1648, it is Paraná's oldest city. It is known for the Port of Paraná, which serves as both the sea link for Curitiba, 110 kilometres (68 mi) to the north and the capital of Paraná, and as one of the largest ports of Brazil.
As of 2013, the city has an estimated population of 148,232 and a population density of 169.92 persons per km², making it the tenth most populated city in the state of Paraná. The total area of the city is 826.674 km2 (319.18 sq mi). The Human Development Index in 2000 was 0.782.
The municipality contains 4% of the 199,587 hectares (493,190 acres) Guaratuba Environmental Protection Area, created in 1992. It holds 17% of the 34,179 hectares (84,460 acres) Bom Jesus Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit established in 2012. The municipality contains the Ilha do Mel State Park and the Ilha do Mel Ecological Station on the 2,760 hectares (6,800 acres) Ilha do Mel (Honey Island) at the mouth of Paranaguá Bay.
Paranaguá was home to a sambaqui, or midden culture, for several millenia prior to the arrival of the Portuguese. Little is known of the population, which existed along the coast of Paraná. The area was later home to the Carijó people, an extinct subgroup of the Guaraní people. Portuguese explorers captured the Carijó for slave labor. Over time, the remaining Carijó intermarried with whites and African residents and formed the Caiçaras subgroup.
The Paraná coastline was already known and inhabited by the Europeans as early as 1549. Settlements in the area were first noted by the German Hans Staden (c. 1525 – c. 1579), who was shipwrecked in the area of 1578. Staden described the existence of a small chapel dedicated to Nossa Senhora do Rosário (Our Lady of the Rosary). Diogo Unhate, notary (tabelião) of Captaincy of São Vicente, obtained the first land grant in Paraná in 1614. Unhate was granted the lands between the Ararapira River and Superagui rivers. Gabriel de Lara, who has passed into history as the "captain settler" arrived in Paranaguá in 1640. He erected the first pillory in the area on January 6, 1646, the ultimate symbol of justice and power of the Portuguese. Lara announced the discovery of gold in Paranaguá in the same year. The Portuguese established the municipality of Paranugua by Royal Charter on July 29, 1648, and the city has the distinction of being the first settlement formally founded in the state of Paraná.
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