Paper birch

Paper birch
Paper birch forest in Maine
Conservation status
Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Betulaceae
Genus:	Betula
Subgenus:	Betula
Species:	B. papyrifera
Binomial name
Betula papyrifera Marshall
Natural range
Synonyms
B. alba var. commutata Regel B. alba var. cordifolia (Regel) Regel B. alba var. cordifolia (Regel) Fernald B. alba var. elobata Fernald B. alba subsp. excelsa (Aiton) Regel B. alba subsp. latifolia (Tausch) Regel B. alba var. papyrifera (Marshall) Spach B. alba subsp. papyrifera (Marshall) Regel B. dahurica var. americana Regel B. excelsa Aiton B. grandis Schrad. B. latifolia Tausch B. lenta var. papyrifera (Marshall) Castigl. B. lyalliana (Koehne) Bean B. montanensis Rydb. ex B.T.Butler B. papyracea Aiton B. pirifolia K. Koch B. subcordata Rydb. ex B.T.Butler

Betula papyrifera (paper birch, also known as white birch and canoe birch) is a short lived species of birch native to northern North America. Paper birch is named due to the thin white bark which often peels in paper like layers from the trunk. Paper birch is often one of the first species to colonize a burned area within the norther latitudes and an important species for moose browse. The wood is often used for pulpwood and firewood.

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree typically reaching 20 metres (66 ft) tall, and exceptionally to 130 feet (40 m) with a trunk up to 30 inches (76 cm) in diameter. Within forests it often grows with a single trunk but when grown as a landscape tree it may develop multiple trunks or branch close to the ground.

Paper birch is a typically short lived species. It handles heat and humidity poorly and may only live 30 years in zones six and up, while trees in colder-climate regions can grow over 100 years.B. papyrifera will grow on many soil types, from steep rocky outcrops to flat muskegs of the boreal forest. Best growth occurs on deeper, well drained to dry soils depending on the location.

B. papyrifera hybridizes with other species within the Betula genus.

Several varieties are recognized

Betula papyrifera has a wide range. It is found in interior (var. humilus) and south-central (var. kenaica) Alaska and in all provinces and territories of Canada, except Nunavut, as well as the northern continental United States, south to Pennsylvania and Washington, with small isolated populations further south in mountains to North Carolina, New Mexico, and Colorado. The most southerly stand in the Western United States is located in Long Canyon in the City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks. This is an isolated Pleistocene relict that most likely reflects the southern reach of boreal vegetation into the area during the last Ice Age.

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Wikipedia