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Paleo-European languages


The Paleo-European (or Old European) languages refer to the (mostly unknown) languages that were spoken in Europe prior to the spread of the Indo-European and Uralic families which dominate the continent today.

The term Old European is also often used more narrowly with reference to the unknown languages of the first Neolithic farmers in central Europe and the Balkan peninsula, who appear to have immigrated from the east around the year 6000 BC.

A similar term, Pre-Indo-European, is used to refer to the disparate languages mostly displaced by Proto-Indo-European language speakers as they migrated out of the urheimat. It is therefore a proper superset of the Paleo-European languages, including them and many other languages spoken in the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia before the Proto-Indo-Europeans and their descendants arrived.

The prehistoric Paleo-European languages are not attested in writing (but see Old European script for a set of undeciphered signs that were used in the Vinča culture, which may or may not have been a writing system). The only access to them we have are place names and especially river names that are found all over central and western Europe, and possibly loanwords in the Indo-European languages now spoken there.

Vasconic

Other

Other Paleohispanic languages can only be identified indirectly through toponyms, anthroponyms or theonyms cited by Roman and Greek sources. Most inscriptions were found written in the Phoenician and Greek alphabets. Very little-to-minimum evidence of Paleo-alphabets or hieroglyphics found present. Most were incompatible and indecipherable.


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Wikipedia

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