Ozumba
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Ozumba de Alzate Ozumba |
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| Town & Municipality | ||
Main Plaza
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 Ozumba de Alzate
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| Coordinates: 19°02′21″N 98°47′37″W / 19.03917°N 98.79361°WCoordinates: 19°02′21″N 98°47′37″W / 19.03917°N 98.79361°W | ||
| Country |
 Mexico
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| State | State of Mexico | |
| Founded | 1525 | |
| Municipal Status | 1825 | |
| Government | ||
| • Municipal President | Hugo González Cortés (2013-2015) | |
| Elevation (of seat) | 2,340 m (7,680 ft) | |
| Population (2010) Municipality | ||
| • Municipality | 27,207 | |
| • Seat | 15,717 | |
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) | |
| Postal code (of seat) | 56800 | |
| Area code(s) | 597 | |
| Website |
www |
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Ozumba is a town and municipality located in the southeast portion of the Valley of Mexico, 70 km southeast of Mexico City near the Mexico City-Cuautla highway. The main feature of this area is the Parish of the Immaculate Conception (Inmaculada Concepción) which began as a Franciscan monastery in the 16th century. The entrance to the cloister area contains murals related to the early evangelization efforts of this order. They include scenes such as Hernán Cortés greeting the first Franciscan missionaries in Mexico, the martyrdom of some of the first young converts to Christianity and even a scene where the monks are flogging Cortés. The church itself inside has suffered the theft of a number of its antique pieces. The name Ozumba comes from Nahuatl meaning “over the streams of water”. “de Alzate” was added to the formal name in honor of the scientist José Antonio Alzate y Ramirez Santillana who was born here.
The first human inhabitants were hunter-gatherers of various ethnicities. Later, the presence of the Olmecs helped to form the first sedentary agrarian societies. After this, the Nahua eventually became the dominant ethnicity. Most of these Nahuas were of the Xochimilca and Chichimeca tribes. By the 16th century, the area was firmly under the control of the Aztec Empire as a tributary province.
After arriving to the Valley of Mexico, the first Spanish crossed through here on their way to Tenochtitlan. The peoples here allied themselves with the Spanish in 1521 against the Aztecs, an alliance which allowed the people here to suffer less modification of their lifestyles than in other parts of early New Spain. However, this area remained a tributary province with tribute going to the Spanish instead of the Aztecs. The area was divided into encomenderos, but the natives maintained much of their communal farmland despite efforts by hacienda owners to confiscate them. During the colonial period, the main town in this area was Chimalhuacan, generally called Chimalhuacan-Chalco. The village of Ozumba was founded in 1525 by Francisco Atlanlzincuilzin, who was its first leader. Evangelization was done by the Franciscans at the end of the 16th century, when the monastery was most likely established here. The earliest parts of the building date from this time. The first formal church parish was established here in 1606, according to the first records of baptism, which dates from 1621. In this book, which extends to 1650, the baptisms of the indigenous are recorded in Nahuatl and those of the Europeans in Spanish.
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Wikipedia