Oxiracetam
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| Routes of administration |
Oral |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 56-82% |
| Onset of action | 30-90 Minutes |
| Biological half-life | 8 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.164.173 |
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| Formula | C6H10N2O3 |
| Molar mass | 158.155 |
| 3D model (Jmol) | |
| Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Oxiracetam (ISF 2522) is a nootropic drug of the racetam family and very mild stimulant. Several studies suggest that the substance is safe even when high doses are consumed for a long period of time. However, the mechanism of action of the racetam drug family is still a matter of research. Oxiracetam is not approved by Food and Drug Administration for any medical use in the United States.
There has been effort put into investigating the possible use of oxiracetam as a medication to attenuate the symptoms of dementia. However, no convincing results were obtained from studies where patients suffering from Alzheimer's dementia or organic solvent abuse were given 800 mg of the drug orally twice daily.
The proven effects of the drug are limited to beneficial effects that lead to higher scores in tests for logical performance, attention, concentration, memory and spatial orientation. These tests were performed on patients with mild to moderate dementia and ADHD, and the doses were 800–2400 mg orally twice a day for one to six months. Improvement has also been seen in patients with exogenic post-concussion syndrome, organic brain syndromes and other dementias. According to V. Gallai et al, oxiracetam is more effective than piracetam for this purpose.
Research shows oxiracetam improves hippocampally-mediated learning performance by increasing membrane-bound protein kinase C (PKC). When compared to control mice, oxiracetam-treated DBA mice demonstrated a significant increase in spatial learning performance as determined by the Morris water navigation task. This increase in performance was correlated to an increase in membrane-bound PKC.
Oxiracetam acts also as a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptors. The major metabolites of Oxiracetam include: beta-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone, N-aminoacetyl-GABOB, GABOB (beta-hydroxy-GABA) and glycine. Thus its metabolic route is exactly parallel to that of piracetam, aniracetam, phenylpiracetam, and all other members of the -racetam family, and also pyroglutamic acid.
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Wikipedia