Ottoman territories in Europe

Rumelia (Ottoman Turkish: روم ايلى‎, Rūm-ėli; Turkish: Rumeli; in Latin Genoese documents Romania, Bosnian: Rumelija, Greek: Ρωμυλία, Romylía, or Ρούμελη, Roúmeli; Albanian: Rumelia; Macedonian and Serbian: Румелија, Rumelija and Bulgarian: Румелия, Rumeliya), also known as Turkey in Europe, was a historical term describing the area now referred to as the Balkans (Balkan Peninsula) when it was administered by the Ottoman Empire.

The term Rûm means "Roman", while Rumelia (Turkish: Rumeli) means "Land of the Romans" in Turkish, referring to the lands conquered by the Ottoman Turks from the Byzantine Empire, at the time still known as the Roman Empire; the neologism "Byzantine Empire" was coined only in 1557 by a German historian, Hieronymus Wolf, in his work Corpus Historiæ Byzantinæ. As such, it was long used in Greek, Turkish, Albanian and the Slavic languages to describe the lands of that empire.

Originally, the Seljuk Turks used the name "Land of the Rûm" (Romans) for defining Anatolia, which was gradually conquered by the armies of the Seljuk Empire from the Byzantine Empire following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (1077–1307) meant the "Sultanate of Anatolia".

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