Omphalotus japonicus
| Omphalotus japonicus | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Marasmiaceae |
| Genus: | Omphalotus |
| Species: | O. japonicus |
| Binomial name | |
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Omphalotus japonicus (Kawam.) Kirchm. & O.K.Mill. (2002) |
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| Synonyms | |
| Omphalotus japonicus | |
|---|---|
| Mycological characteristics | |
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gills on hymenium |
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cap is infundibuliform |
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hymenium is decurrent |
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stipe is bare |
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spore print is yellow |
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ecology is saprotrophic |
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edibility: poisonous |
Omphalotus japonicus, commonly known as the tsukiyotake (月夜茸), is an orange to brown-colored gilled mushroom native to Japan and Eastern Asia. It is a member of the genus Omphalotus, the members of which have bioluminescent fruit bodies which glow in darkness. A 2004 molecular study shows it to be most closely related to a clade composed of Omphalotus nidiformis of Australia, Omphalotus olivascens of Western North America and Omphalotus olearius of Europe.
Omphalotus japonicus is poisonous, its consumption resulting in acute nausea and vomiting for several hours. It is often confused with edible fungi and mistakenly consumed in Japan.
Inoko first described this fungus as Pleurotus noctilucens in 1889, however the name proved invalid as the binomial had already been used for another species. Given the name Pleurotus japonicus by Seiichi Kawamura in 1915, it was given the name Lampteromyces japonicus by Rolf Singer in 1947, until the genus Lampteromyces was sunk into Omphalotus in 2004. Hitoshi Neda has proposed this fungus is the same as one described by Miles Joseph Berkeley as Agaricus guepiniformis in 1878, as the type specimen fits the description of O. japonicus and hence, based on the principle of priority, the name should be Omphalotus guepiniformis (Berk.) Neda. A proposal was submitted in 2006 to conserve the epithet japonicus against guepiniformis and another synonym, Pleurotus harmandii. The proposal was accepted by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi in 2008.
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