Oleg Nikolayevich Trubachyov (Russian: Оле́г Никола́евич Трубачёв; 22 October 1930, Stalingrad – 9 March 2002, Moscow) was a Russian doctor in philology. He was an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and served as the editor-in-chief of the Etimologiya yearbook. His works are on the etymology of Slavic languages and on East Slavic onomastics.
He graduated from Dnipropetrovsk University in 1952. He became deputy director of the Russian Language Institute in 1966 and served as the head of the institute's sector on etymology and onomastics.