Oil and gas deposits in the Czech Republic

Oil and gas deposits in the Czech Republic are small, and located mainly in southern Moravia. Oil and gas exploration in this area started in the early years of the 20th century. The first commercial oil extraction was in 1919. In 2005 340,600 m³ of crude oil and 98.75 million m³ of natural gas was extracted.

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The first experimental oil well in the area was opened on March 27, 1900, near the Moravian village Bohuslavice (today part of Kyjov). The second opened in the same year. Extraction costs were too high, so the area was abandoned until 1917. In 1919, the company Moravská těžařská společnost opened the first commercial well. In 1925 the company had 25 wells in the area. During World War II, oil production in Moravia became strategically important for the German war effort and was expanded by German companies. The largest company, DEA (Deutsche Erdöl A.G.), had 1,200 wells just around Hodonín. Refineries bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II included those at Brüx, Bratislava (Apollo refinery), Dubová, Kralupy, Kolín, and Pardubice (Fanto Werke).

On January 1, 1946, all existing oil companies in Bohemia and Moravia were merged into a single organization, Československé naftové závody (ČNZ). ČNZ had 1,858 employees in 1948. In 1958, ČNZ merged with a similar organisation from Slovakia and was renamed Moravské naftové doly (MND). In 1990 the Slovakian part became independent.

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