Oatlands Plantation
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Oatlands Historic District
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1973 Photograph of Main House of Oatlands Historic District
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| Location | Loudoun County, Virginia |
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| Nearest city | Leesburg, Virginia |
| Coordinates | 39°2′27″N 77°37′02″W / 39.04083°N 77.61722°WCoordinates: 39°2′27″N 77°37′02″W / 39.04083°N 77.61722°W |
| Area | 415 acres (168 ha) (landmarked area) |
| Built | ca. 1804 |
| Architect | George Carter (original) |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| NRHP Reference # |
69000255 (original) 74002327 (expansion to district) |
| VLR # | 053-0093 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | November 12, 1969 (original) May 3, 1974 (expansion to district) |
| Designated NHL | November 11, 1971 |
| Designated VLR | September 9, 1969 |
Oatlands Plantation is an estate located in Leesburg, Virginia. Oatlands is operated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark. The Oatlands property is composed of the main mansion and 415 acres (168.0 ha) of farmland and gardens. The house is judged one of the finest Federal period country estate houses in the nation.
On the property, in addition to the Mansion, are a number of outbuildings, including the Carriage House, Bachelor's Cottage, several barns and farm buildings, and a greenhouse, built in 1810, said to be the oldest standing greenhouse in the South.
Oatlands Plantation was established by George Carter, a great grandson of Robert "King" Carter, in 1798 on 3,408 acres (1,980 ha) of farmland. It started as a wheat farm, but expanded to include other grains, sheep, a gristmill and a saw mill, and a vineyard. In 1804, Carter began construction of a Federal mansion, which he expanded in the 1820s and 1830s. He also built a terraced garden and numerous outbuildings.
The success of Carter's plantation and business ventures depended on slave labor. Seventeen enslaved people worked the property when Carter began farming. By purchase and natural increase, the number of slaves had risen to 133 at the time of the 1860 census. Their work included planting and harvesting the fields; caring for farm animals; domestic employment such as cooking, cleaning, caring for children, and sewing; and probably trades such as blacksmithing and milling.
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