Oakland Estuary
Coordinates: 37°47′41.02″N 122°18′54.92″W / 37.7947278°N 122.3152556°W
The Oakland Estuary is the strait separating the cities of Oakland and Alameda in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. On its western end, it connects to San Francisco Bay, while its eastern end connects to San Leandro Bay.
The Estuary is spanned by two underwater tubes and three bridges. They are, from west to east:
Although the estuary was used by Native American tribes inhabiting the local area since about 4000 BC, the earliest recorded history of the Oakland Estuary dates primarily from events extending back to the 19th century, as detailed in a research study conducted by Earth Metrics for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Earth Metrics, 1990)(Shreffler, 1994). The Oakland Estuary and tributary stream channels were used for shipping transport regularly by the 1850s; early maritime commerce featured movement of lumber and cattle hides. At this time land west of Lake Merritt Slough consisted of undeveloped marshlands. In 1853 the first dredging project of this estuary was initiated to enable ferry service to San Francisco. By the late 19th century further landside development occurred featuring wharf expansions, railroad service and shipbuilding. By the early 20th century the industrial pace accelerated and brought numerous industries to the Oakland Estuary, including a number of uses which contributed to sediment contamination of the estuary, such as paint manufacturing, pesticide storage, coal distillation, foundry uses and petroleum refineries.
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