Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Äbishuly Nazarbayev (Kazakh: Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев, Nursultan Äbişulı Nazarbayev [nʊrsʊlˈtɑn æbəʃʊˈlə nɑzɑrˈbɑ.jɪf]; Russian: Нурсултан Абишевич Назарбаев, Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev [nʊrsʊlˈtan ɐˈbʲiʂɨvʲɪtɕ nəzɐrˈbajɪf]; born 6 July 1940) is the President of Kazakhstan. He has been the country's leader since 1989, when he was named First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR, and was elected the nation's first president following its independence from the Soviet Union in December 1991. He holds the title 'Leader of the Nation'. In April 2015, Nazarbayev was re-elected with almost 98% of the vote.
Nazarbayev has suppressed dissent, been accused of human rights abuses by several human rights organizations, and presided over an authoritarian regime. No election held in Kazakhstan since independence has met international standards. In 2010 he announced reforms to encourage a multi-party system.
In January 2017, President Nazarbayev proposed constitutional reforms that would delegate powers to the parliament.
Nazarbayev was born in Chemolgan, a rural town near Almaty, when Kazakhstan was one of the republics of the Soviet Union. His father was a poor labourer who worked for a wealthy local family until Soviet rule confiscated the family's farmland in the 1930s during Joseph Stalin's collectivization policy. Following this, his father took the family to the mountains to live out a nomadic existence.
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