Nizhnyaya Toyma River
| Nizhnyaya Toyma Russian: Нижняя Тойма |
|
|---|---|
| Country | Russia |
| Basin features | |
| River mouth | Northern Dvina |
| Basin size | 1,740 square kilometres (670 sq mi) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Length | 165 km (103 mi) |
| Discharge |
|
Coordinates: 62°21′46″N 44°15′01″E / 62.36278°N 44.25028°E
The Nizhnyaya Toyma (Russian: Нижняя Тойма) is a river in Verkhnetoyemsky and Vinogradovsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right bank tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The length of the river is 165 kilometres (103 mi). The area of its basin is 1,740 square kilometres (670 sq mi).
The name of Nizhnyaya Toyma means The Lower Toyma, as opposed to the Upper Toyma, the Verkhnyaya Toyma River, also a right tributary of the Northern Dvina.
The toponym Toyma occurs in various northern Russian territories, from Toyma in Karelia to Toyma River in the Republic of Tatarstan. It is identical to an extinct Uralic ethnonym known to the Novgorodians since (at least) the beginning of the 12th century. Janet Martin considered Toima (sic) the southern extreme of Novgorodian control over the Dvina basin in this period. The first mention of Toyma, paying tribute to Novgorodians, is dated 1137 but there is no evidence that the word Toyma relates to the present-day area or its neighbor, Verkhnetoyemsky Selsoviet. The 1219 chronicle mentions the ethnonym toymokary (Russian: ... И поиде тои зимö Семьюнъ Öминъ въ 4 стöх на Тоимокары ...). The 1237 Tale of the Death of the Russian Land mentions "Toyma pagans" living between "the Karelians" and Veliky Ustyug (Russian: ...от корöлы до Оустьюга, гдö тамо бяхоу тоимици погании...), a location roughly aligned with the Northern Dvina basin.
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