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Nitroform

Trinitromethane
Trinitromethane.svg
Names
IUPAC name
Trinitromethane
Other names
Nitroform
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.489
EC Number 208-236-8
Properties
CHN3O6
Molar mass 151.04 g/mol
Appearance Pale yellow crystals
Density 1.469 g/cm3
Melting point 15 °C (59 °F; 288 K)
44g/100ml at 20 °C
Acidity (pKa) 0.25 (see text)
Hazards
Main hazards Oxidant, Explosive (esp. in contact with metals), Corrosive.
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 4: Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. E.g., nitroglycerin Special hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g., potassium perchlorateNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Hexanitroethane
Octanitropentane
Tetranitromethane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Trinitromethane, also referred to as nitroform, is a nitroalkane and oxidizer with chemical formula HC(NO2)3. It was first obtained as the ammonium salt by Shiskov in 1857. In 1900, it was discovered that nitroform can be produced by the reaction of acetylene with anhydrous nitric acid. This method went on to become the industrial process of choice during the 20th century. In the laboratory, nitroform can also be produced by hydrolysis of tetranitromethane under mild basic conditions.

Trinitromethane as a neutral molecule is colorless. It is highly acidic, easily forming in intensely yellow anion, (NO2)3C−. The pKa of trinitromethane has been measured at 0.17 ± 0.02 at 20 °C, which is remarkably acidic for a methane derivative. Trinitromethane easily dissolves in water to form an acidic yellow solution.

There is some evidence that the anion, which obeys the 4n+2 Hückel rule, is aromatic.

Trinitromethane forms a series of bright yellow ionic salts. Many of these salts tend to be unstable and can be easily detonated by heat or impact.

The potassium salt of nitroform, KC(NO2)3 is a lemon yellow crystalline solid that decomposes slowly at room temperatures and explodes above 95 °C. The ammonium salt is somewhat more stable, and deflagrates or explodes above 200 °C. The hydrazine salt, hydrazinium nitroformate is thermally stable to above 125 °C and is being investigated as an ecologically friendly oxidizer for use in solid fuels for rockets.


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