Nitrazepam

Nitrazepam
Clinical data


Trade names	Alodorm, Apodorm, Arem, Insoma, Insomin, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Nitrosun, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos, and Somnite
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Pregnancy category	AU: D US: D (Evidence of risk)
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	N05CD02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	CA: Schedule IV DE: Anlage III (Prescription only) UN: Psychotropic Schedule IV
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	53–94%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Biological half-life	16–38 hours
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
IUPAC name 7-nitro-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one
CAS Number	146-22-5^Y
PubChem (CID)	4506
DrugBank	DB01595^Y
ChemSpider	4350^Y
UNII	9CLV70W7HS^Y
KEGG	D00531^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:7581^N
ChEMBL	CHEMBL13209^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.151
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₅H₁₁N₃O₃
Molar mass	281.3 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [O-][N+](C1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC(CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3)=O)=O
InChI InChI=1S/C15H11N3O3/c19-14-9-16-15(10-4-2-1-3-5-10)12-8-11(18(20)21)6-7-13(12)17-14/h1-8H,9H2,(H,17,19)^Y Key:KJONHKAYOJNZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?)

Nitrazepam is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class, indicated for the short-term relief of severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia. It also has sedative and motor-impairing properties, as well as amnestic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant effects.

It is marketed under the trade names: Alodorm, Apodorm, Arem, Insoma, Insomin, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Nitrosun, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos, and Somnite.

Nitrazepam is used to treat short-term sleeping problems (insomnia), namely difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakening, early awakening, or a combination of each.

Nitrazepam is sometimes tried to treat epilepsy when other medications fail. It has been found to be more effective than clonazepam in the treatment of West syndrome, which is an age-dependent epilepsy, affecting the very young. In uncontrolled studies, nitrazepam has shown effectiveness in infantile spasms and is sometimes considered when other anti-seizure drugs have failed. However, drowsiness, hypotonia, and most significantly tolerance to anti-seizure effects typically develop with long term treatment, generally limiting Nitrazepam to acute seizure management.

More common side effects may include: Central nervous system depression, including somnolence, dizziness, depressed mood, rage, violence, fatigue, ataxia, headache, vertigo, impairment of memory, impairment of motor functions, hangover feeling in the morning, slurred speech, decreased physical performance, numbed emotions, reduced alertness, muscle weakness, double vision, and inattention have been reported. Unpleasant dreams and rebound insomnia have also been reported.

...
Wikipedia