Nikolai Virta
| Nikolai Virta | |
|---|---|
| Born |
December 19, 1906 Bolshaya Lazovka, Tambov Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | January 3, 1976 (aged 69) Moscow, Soviet Union |
Nikolai Yevgenyevich Virta (Russian: Никола́й Евге́ньевич Вирта́) (real name Karelsky) (December 19 [O.S. December 6] 1906 – January 3, 1976) was a Soviet writer who developed the theory of "conflictless" drama.
Nikolai Virta was born in the village of Bolshaya Lazovka in Tambov Governorate, into the family of a village priest who was shot in 1921 as a supporter of Aleksandr Antonov. From 1923 he worked as a reporter for newspapers and radio, and from 1930 he lived in Moscow. He won fame with his 1935 novel Odinochestvo (Alone), which he used as the basis for his play Zemlya (Earth, 1937). He was awarded the Stalin Prize for the novel in 1941, as he was for his plays Khleb nash nashushchny (Our Daily Bread) in 1948 and Zagovor obrechennykh (Conspiracy of the Condemned, a "virulently anti-American drama") in 1949 and for his script for the film Stalingradskaya bitva (The battle of Stalingrad) in 1950. He later turned his 1956 novel Krutye gory (Steep Hills) into the play Dali dal'nye, ne oglyadnye (1957).
In 1943 Joseph Stalin decided to allow publication of the Bible in Russia, and Virta was chosen as the censor for the project; he decided there were no deviations from Communist ideology and passed it without alteration. In 1954, as the result of a scandal, he was excluded from the Writers' Union, but he was reinstated in 1956.
In describing the "nadir of the Soviet theatre" between World War II and the death of Stalin, Michael Glenny writes:
Matters reached the depth of absurdity when one of the most compliant Stalinist playwrights, Nikolay Virta, propounded the theory of 'lack of conflict'. According to this, the only possible basis of drama for a Soviet play was the struggle between the 'good' and the 'better'. The resulting plays were so abysmal that even the party was forced to disown them.
...
Wikipedia