Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov

Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov (Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Моро́зов; 7 July 1854, Borok – 30 July 1946) was a Russian revolutionary who spent about 25 years in prison before turning his attention to various fields of science.

The son of a landowner by a serf woman, Morozov was born in the village of Borok in the Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia. He early became interested in politics and was expelled from secondary school when he was accused of subversive activity. (His distribution of a scientific magazine was considered subversive because Russian schools did not teach science.) He joined the Circle of Tchaikovsky before departing for Geneva in 1874.

By 1878, Morozov was a member of Zemlya i volya or Land and Liberty where he co-edited their mouthpiece, Land and Liberty, (with Sergei Kravchinsky). When the Land and Liberty group faced an internal crisis over tactics and thus split into two groups in August 1879, interestingly, Morozov rejected the continued use of propaganda to bring about social change and, instead, joined the more adventurous of the two factions, and became a leader of this group, Narodnaya Volya, or People's Will.

In 1880 Olga Liubatovich and Morozov left Narodnaya Volya and went to live in Geneva and London, where he was introduced to Karl Marx. While in exile Morozov wrote The Terrorist Struggle, a pamphlet that explained his views how to achieve a democratic society in Russia. He advocated large numbers of small independent terrorist groups and argued that this approach would make it difficult for the police to apprehend the terrorists. It would also help to prevent a small group of leaders gaining power, forming dictatorships after the overthrow of the Tsar.

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