Neurokinin B

Neurokinin B

Identifiers
CAS Number	86933-75-7 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	4470819 N
IUPHAR/BPS	2090
MeSH	Neurokinin+B
PubChem CID	55583
InChI InChI=1S/C55H79N13O14S2/c1-30(2)21-38(50(77)62-36(47(57)74)17-19-83-5)61-43(69)28-59-55(82)46(31(3)4)68-54(81)40(23-33-15-11-8-12-16-33)65-51(78)39(22-32-13-9-7-10-14-32)64-53(80)42(26-45(72)73)67-52(79)41(24-34-27-58-29-60-34)66-49(76)37(18-20-84-6)63-48(75)35(56)25-44(70)71/h7-16,27,29-31,35-42,46H,17-26,28,56H2,1-6H3,(H2,57,74)(H,58,60)(H,59,82)(H,61,69)(H,62,77)(H,63,75)(H,64,80)(H,65,78)(H,66,76)(H,67,79)(H,68,81)(H,70,71)(H,72,73)/t35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,42-,46-/m0/s1 N Key: NHXYSAFTNPANFK-HDMCBQFHSA-N N InChI=1/C55H79N13O14S2/c1-30(2)21-38(50(77)62-36(47(57)74)17-19-83-5)61-43(69)28-59-55(82)46(31(3)4)68-54(81)40(23-33-15-11-8-12-16-33)65-51(78)39(22-32-13-9-7-10-14-32)64-53(80)42(26-45(72)73)67-52(79)41(24-34-27-58-29-60-34)66-49(76)37(18-20-84-6)63-48(75)35(56)25-44(70)71/h7-16,27,29-31,35-42,46H,17-26,28,56H2,1-6H3,(H2,57,74)(H,58,60)(H,59,82)(H,61,69)(H,62,77)(H,63,75)(H,64,80)(H,65,78)(H,66,76)(H,67,79)(H,68,81)(H,70,71)(H,72,73)/t35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,42-,46-/m0/s1 Key: NHXYSAFTNPANFK-HDMCBQFHBC
SMILES CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccccc2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc3c[nH]cn3)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N
Properties
Chemical formula	C55H79N13O14S2
Molar mass	1210.43
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Neurokinin B (NKB) belongs in the family of tachykinin peptides. Neurokinin B is implicated in a variety of human functions and pathways such as the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Additionally, NKB is associated with pregnancy in females and maturation in young adults. Reproductive function is highly dependent on levels of both neurokinin B and also the G-protein coupled receptor ligand kisspeptin. The first NKB studies done attempted to resolve why high levels of the peptide may be implicated in pre-eclampsia during pregnancy. NKB, kisspeptin, and dynorphin together are found in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) known as the KNDy subpopulation. This subpopulation is targeted by a large number of steroid hormones and works to form a network that feeds back to GnRH pulse generator.

Neurokinin B is found in humans as a ten-peptide chain (decapeptide) attached to a terminal amide group. The peptide formula is H-Asp-Met-His-Asp-Phe-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. Neurokinin b (NKB), is encoded by the TAC3 gene in humans and Tac2 in rodent species. Neurokinin b is expressed along with the peptides kisspeptin and dynorphin A in the neuronal cells of the arcuate nucleus. Five exon segments in the TAC3 gene encode for the NKB precursor known as preprotachykinin B. Preprotachykinin B is then proteolytically cleaved into the pro-peptide proneurokinin B. A second proteolytic cleavage of proneurokinin B produces the final product neurokinin B.

During the ovarian cycle, GnRH secretion along with that of leutenizing hormone (LH) is highly regulated. This regulation occurs by a negative feedback system. Neurokinin B along with its sister peptides of the KNDy subpopulation regulate this feedback. The NK3R receptor group when activated with a synthetic agonist of NKB, senktide, has been shown to stimulate the secretion of leutenizing hormone. In addition, studies have shown that NKB plays a larger role in females than in males. It has been found that in brain of females, the arcuate nucleus contains twice as many connections to NKB neurons than males.