Nesodon

Nesodon Temporal range: late Oligocene - early Miocene
N. imbricatus skull
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Notoungulata
Family:	†Toxodontidae
Subfamily:	†Nesodontinae
Genus:	†Nesodon Owen, 1846
Type species
†Nesodon imbricatus
Species
†N. conspurcatus †N. cornutus †N. imbricatus Owen, 1846 †N. taweretus Forasiepi et al., 2014
Synonyms
†Lithops Ameghino, 1887 †Adelphotherium Ameghino, 1887 †Gronotherium Ameghino, 1887 †Atryptherium Ameghino, 1887 †Rhadinotherium Ameghino, 1887 †Protoxodon Ameghino, 1887 †Acrotherium Ameghino, 1891 †Palaeolithops Ameghino, 1891 †Xotoprodon Ameghino, 1891 †Nesotherium Mercerat, 1891

Nesodon ("island tooth") is a genus of Miocene mammal belonging to the extinct order Notoungulata which inhabited southern South America during the Late Oligocene to Miocene living from 29.0—16.3 Ma and existed for approximately 12.7 million years. It had a relatively large size, weighing up to 554 kg (1221 lbs) and reaching 1.5 m in height.

Nesodon was named by Owen (1846). It was assigned to Toxodontidae by Carroll (1988). It was an early member of the family Toxodontidae, which included the well-known genus Toxodon. Like almost all toxodontids, Nesodon was endemic to South America. In particular, fossils of Nesodon are known from late early Miocene (Santacrucian SALMA) deposits of Argentina and Chile.

Three species of Nesodon are recognized including a larger species, N. imbricatus, and a smaller species, N. conspurcatus. A poorly known and possibly invalid third species, N. cornutus, was similar to N. imbricatus but may have had a small horn on its head. All species of Nesodon were larger than species of the contemporary toxodontid Adinotherium.

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