Natural frequency

Natural frequency is the frequency at which a system tends to oscillate in the absence of any driving or damping force.

Free vibrations of an elastic body are called natural vibrations and occur at a frequency called the natural frequency. Natural vibrations are different from forced vibrations which happen at frequency of applied force (forced frequency). If forced frequency is equal to the natural frequency, the amplitude of vibration increases manyfold. This phenomenon is known as resonance.

In electrical circuits, s₁ is a natural frequency of variable x if the zero-input response of x includes the term ${\displaystyle K_{1}e^{-s_{1}t}}$, where ${\displaystyle K_{1}\neq 0}$ is a constant dependent on initial state of the circuit, network topology, and element values. In a network, s_k is a natural frequency of the network if it is a natural frequency of some voltage or current in the network. Natural frequencies depend only on network topology and element values but not the input. It can be shown that the set of natural frequencies in a network can be obtained by calculating the poles of all impedance and admittance functions of the network. All poles of the network transfer function are also natural frequencies of the corresponding response variable; however there may exist some natural frequencies that are not a pole of the network function. These frequencies happen at some special initial states.

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