National and Nomadic Guard

The National and Nomadic Guard of Chad (Garde Nationale et Nomade du Tchad or GNNT) is one of four defence and security forces in Chad. (The others are the Army, the Gendarmerie and the Police). Article 200 of the Constitution of 1996 states that the duties of the GNNT are the protection of politicians and government officials, guarding government buildings, the maintenance of order in rural areas, and guarding prisons and prisoners.

Even though the Constitution adds, in Article 201, that the GNNT must "respect the liberties and rights of man" when exercising its functions, the GNNT has been accused of perpetrating serious Human Rights violations, as reported by Amnesty International. Following the murder of a corporal of the GNNT, the suspect in the case was extrajudicially executed on November 17, 1996 by the GNNT.

The GNNT is under the control of the Minister for Territorial Administration, unlike the Army and the Gendarmerie, which come under the responsibility of the Minister of Defence. The GNNT is since May 24, 2006 commanded by the Brigadier General Mahamat Saleh Brahim, cousin of the President Idriss Déby.

The GNNT was first known in the 1960s as the Territorial Guard, but was early renamed in the decade Nomad and National Guard, and carried out much the same duties it does today, that is providing security for officials, government buildings, and regional government posts. Differently from today, the GNN was then dominated by Southerners, with only 250 Toubou. This also explains the resentment that brought in 1968 to the destruction of the GNN garrison of Aozou and the mutiny of the Toubou units, forming la Deuxième Armée of the FROLINAT. Notwithstanding this setback the President François Tombalbaye showed much more trust in the GNN than in the army, increasing by 1971 its effectives to at least 3,500 men, commanded by Camille Gourvenec, a French officer that was also the Director of Information Services (i.e., the espionage). Gourvenec's deputy was Pierre Galopin.

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