Nancy Caroline
| Nancy Caroline | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
June 27, 1944 Newton, Massachusetts, United States |
| Died | December 12, 2002 (aged 58) Metulla, Israel |
| Nationality | American, Israeli |
| Occupation | Physician |
| Known for | Emergency Medical Services |
Nancy Lee Caroline, (June 27, 1944 - December 12, 2002), was an American physician and writer who worked in emergency medical services (EMS). She was a co-founder of Freedom House, an emergency ambulance service that assisted underserved populations in Pittsburgh in the 1960s and 1970s. She was also the first medical director of Magen David Adom, Israel's Red Cross Society, and was later called by colleagues, "Israel's Mother Teresa".
Nancy Lee Caroline was born on June 27, 1944 in Newton, Massachusetts to Leo and Zelda Caroline. From a young age, Caroline had a strong social conscience and a strong sense of her identity as a Jew. She began her medical career while still a teenager, working as a photographer and lab worker at Massachusetts General Hospital. In 1966 she received a B.A. in linguistics from Radcliffe College and her M.D. from Case Western Reserve University in 1971. She stayed in Cleveland to complete her residencies, and then began a fellowship in critical care medicine at the University of Pittsburgh in 1973.
Her mentor in the fellowship was Dr. Peter Safar known for his work in emergency medicine and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In 1974, the university received grant funding from the U.S. Department of Transportation to create a "curriculum for nation wide emergency medical services". Dr. Safar oversaw this project, but recruited Dr. Caroline as the medical director for Freedom House in 1974, one of the first EMS medical directors in the United States. The service had encountered police oppression and opposition as well as financial and administrative issues. By the time Dr. Caroline first became involved, the service was on the brink of collapse. However, she staged a successful comeback during her time as medical director. This service was the first to train and use EMT paramedics in America as well as EKG in the ambulances. Despite this, funding was cut in 1975 when the city launched its own ambulance service and Freedom House quickly folded. In 1976, she took over as deputy director for the emergency department of Shadyside Hospital in Pittsburgh.
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