Nabonassar

Nabû-nāṣir
King of Babylon
Reign	747–734 BC
Predecessor	Nabû-šuma-iškun
Successor	Nabû-nādin-zēri
House	Dynasty of E (Mixed Dynasties)

Nabû-nāṣir, inscribed in cuneiform as ^dAG-PAB or ^dAG-ŠEŠ-ir, Greek: Ναβονάσσαρος, whence "Nabonassar", and meaning "Nabû (is) protector", was the king of Babylon 747–734 BC. He deposed a foreign Chaldean usurper named Nabu-shuma-ishkun, bringing native rule back to Babylon after 23 years of Chaldean rule. His reign saw the beginning of a new era characterized by the systematic maintenance of chronologically precise historical records. Both the Babylonian Chronicle and the Ptolemaic Canon begin with his accession to the throne. He was contemporary with the Assyrian kings Aššur-nirarī V (755–745 BC) and Tiglath-Pileser III, the latter under whom he became a vassal, and the Elamite kings Humban-Tahrah I (–743 BC) and Humban-Nikaš I (742–717 BC).

Nothing is known of his provenance or origin, although it appears he was a native Mesopotamian. His three predecessors were from the migrant Chaldean tribes settled in the far south east of Babylonia since the 9th century BC. The Dynastic Chronicle may have been composed during his reign as it records the succession of kings from the antediluvian era until that of his immediate predecessor, Nabû-šuma-iškun. It records that the “dynasty of Chaldea was terminated” (with Nabû-šuma-iškun) and “its kingship was transferred,” but the remainder is lost. He may also have commissioned a vituperative chronicle which vilifies his predecessor for his sacrilegious actions and the Chronicle of the Market Prices which mentions the volatile costs of various commodities in reigns up until that of his predecessor. His name appears in the Eclectic Chronicle but the context has not been preserved.

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