N-Nitrosodimethylamine

N-Nitrosodimethylamine

Identifiers
CAS Number	62-75-9 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:35807 N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL117311 N
ChemSpider	5894 N
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.500
EC Number	200-549-8
KEGG	C14704 N
MeSH	Dimethylnitrosamine
PubChem	6124
RTECS number	IQ0525000
UN number	3382
InChI InChI=1S/C2H6N2O/c1-4(2)3-5/h1-2H3 N Key: UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N
SMILES C[n](C):n:[o] CN(C)N=O
Properties
Chemical formula	C2H6N2O
Molar mass	74.08 g·mol−1
Appearance	Yellow, oily liquid
Odor	faint, characteristic
Density	1.005 g mL−1
Boiling point	153.1 °C; 307.5 °F; 426.2 K
Solubility in water	290 mg mL−1 (at 20 °C)
log P	−0.496
Vapor pressure	700 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD)	1.437
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcHo298)	1.65 MJ mol−1
Hazards
Main hazards	potential carcinogen
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	DANGER
GHS hazard statements	H301, H330, H350, H372, H411
GHS precautionary statements	P260, P273, P284, P301+310, P310
EU classification (DSD)	T+ N
R-phrases	R45, R25, R26, R48/25, R51/53
S-phrases	S45
Flash point	61.0 °C (141.8 °F; 334.1 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	37.0 mg kg−1(oral, rat)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	OSHA-Regulated Carcinogen
REL (Recommended)	Ca
IDLH (Immediate danger)	Ca [N.D.]
Related compounds
Related compounds	Dimethylamine N-Nitrosodiethylamine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), also known as dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), is a semi-volatile organic chemical, produced as by-product of several industrial processes and present at very low levels in certain foodstuffs, especially those cooked, smoked, or cured. NDMA is water-soluble, colorless, and its taste and odor are weak or absent. It is toxic to the liver and other organs, and is a suspected human carcinogen.

NDMA is an industrial by-product or waste product of several industrial processes. Manufacturing of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), which is a component of rocket fuel that requires NDMA for its synthesis. Of more general concern, water treatment via chlorination or chloramination of organic nitrogen-containing wastewater can lead to the production of NDMA at potentially harmful levels. Further, NDMA can form or be leached during treatment of water by anion exchange resins. Finally, NDMA is found at low levels in numerous items of human consumption including cured meat, fish, beer, and tobacco smoke It is, however, unlikely to bioaccumulate.

N-Nitrosodimethylamine is highly toxic, especially to the liver, and is a suspected human carcinogen. The US Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the maximum admissible concentration of NDMA in drinking water is 0.7 ng L⁻¹. The EPA has not yet set a regulatory maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water. At high doses, it is a "potent hepatotoxin that can cause fibrosis of the liver" in rats. The induction of liver tumors in rats after chronic exposure to low doses is well documented. Its toxic effects on humans are inferred from animal experiments but not well-established experimentally.

NDMA's contamination of drinking water is of particular concern due to the minute concentrations at which it is harmful, the difficulty in detecting it at these concentrations, and to the difficulty in removing it from drinking water. It does not readily biodegrade, adsorb, or volatilize. As such, it cannot be removed by activated carbon and travels easily through soils. Relatively high levels of UV radiation in the 200 to 260 nm range breaks the N-N bond and can thus be used to degrade NDMA. Additionally, reverse osmosis is able to remove approximately 50% of NDMA.