Myasishchev M-4
| M-4 / 3M Molot | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Myasishchev 3MD (Russian: 3МД) at Monino Central Air Force Museum (Moscow) | |
| Role | Strategic bomber |
| Manufacturer | Myasishchev |
| Designer | Vladimir Myasishchev |
| First flight | 1953 (M-4/2M) 1956 (M-6/3M) |
| Introduction | 1956 (M-4/2M) 1958 (M-6/3M) |
| Retired | 1994 |
| Status | retired |
| Primary users |
Soviet Air Force Soviet Navy Russian Air Force |
| Produced | 93 |
| Number built | 2 prototypes, 91 production aircraft |
| Variants | Myasishchev VM-T |
The Myasishchev M-4 Molot (Russian: Молот (Hammer), USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 37",NATO reporting name Bison) is a four-engined strategic bomber designed by Vladimir Myasishchev and manufactured by the Soviet Union in the 1950s to provide a Long Range Aviation bomber capable of attacking targets in North America. The Myasishchev design bureau was formed to build such a bomber.
First flying soon after the first flight of the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, the M-4 was first displayed to the public in Red Square, on May Day, 1954. The aircraft was a surprise to the United States, which had not known that the Soviets had built a jet bomber. However, it soon became clear that the bomber had an insufficient range to attack the United States and still return to the Soviet Union. Only a few of the original production M-4s were actually put into service. To remedy this problem, the Myasishchev design bureau introduced the 3M, known to the West as the 'Bison-B', which was considerably more powerful than the previous version. This new model first flew in 1955. Among other things, two of the five original gun barbettes were removed to lighten the aircraft.
In July 1955 American observers saw 28 Bisons in two groups during a Soviet air show. The United States government believed that the bomber was in mass production, and the Central Intelligence Agency estimated that 800 would be available by 1960. The display was a hoax (maskirovka); the first group of ten repeated the flyby with eight more. The classified estimates led, however, to American politicians warning of a "bomber gap".
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