Mwalimu Nyerere
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Mwalimu Julius Nyerere |
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|---|---|
Nyerere, late 1950s.
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| 1st President of Tanzania | |
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In office 29 October 1964 – 5 November 1985 |
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| Vice President |
Abeid Karume Aboud Jumbe Ali Hassan Mwinyi |
| Prime Minister |
Rashidi Kawawa Edward Sokoine Cleopa Msuya Edward Sokoine Salim Ahmed Salim |
| Preceded by |
Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tanganyika Abeid Karume as President of The People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba |
| Succeeded by | Ali Hassan Mwinyi |
| President of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar | |
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In office 26 April 1964 – 29 October 1964 |
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| Vice-Presidents |
Abeid Karume (First) Rashidi Kawawa (Second) |
| President of Tanganyika | |
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In office 9 December 1962 – 26 April 1964 |
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| Prime Minister | Rashidi Kawawa |
| Prime Minister of Tanganyika | |
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In office 1 May 1961 – 22 January 1962 |
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| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Preceded by | Himself (as Chief Minister) |
| Succeeded by | Rashidi Kawawa |
| Chief Minister of Tanganyika | |
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In office 2 September 1960 – 1 May 1961 |
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| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor | Sir Richard Turnbull |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Himself (as Prime Minister) |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Kambarage Nyerere 13 April 1922 Butiama, Tanganyika |
| Died | 14 October 1999 (aged 77) London, United Kingdom |
| Resting place | Butiama, Tanzania |
| Nationality | Tanzanian |
| Political party |
CCM (1977–1999) TANU (1954–1977) |
| Spouse(s) | Maria (m. 1953–99) |
| Children |
8
|
| Alma mater |
Makerere University (DipEd) University of Edinburgh (MA) |
| Profession | Teacher |
| Awards |
Lenin Peace Prize Gandhi Peace Prize Joliot-Curie Medal |
Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Swahili pronunciation: [ˈdʒuːliəs kɑmˈbɑrɑgə nyɛˈrɛrɛ]; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian statesman who served as the leader of Tanzania, and previously Tanganyika, from 1960 until his retirement in 1985.
Born in Tanganyika to Nyerere Burito (1860–1942), Chief of the Zanaki, Nyerere was known by the Swahili honorific Mwalimu or 'teacher', his profession prior to politics. He was also referred to as Baba wa Taifa (Father of the Nation). In 1954, he helped form the Tanganyika African National Union, which was instrumental in obtaining independence for Tanganyika.
In 1967, influenced by the ideas of African socialism, Nyerere issued the Arusha Declaration, which outlined his vision of ujamaa (variously translated as "familyhood" or "socialism"; not to be confused with the Swahili word Umoja which means "unity"). Ujamaa was a concept that came to dominate Nyerere's policies. However, his policies led to economic decline, systematic corruption, and unavailability of goods. In the early 1970s, Nyerere ordered his security forces to forcibly transfer much of the population to collective farms and, because of opposition from villagers, often burned villages down. This campaign pushed the nation to the brink of starvation and made it dependent on foreign food aid.
In 1985, after more than two decades in power, he relinquished power to his hand-picked successor, Ali Hassan Mwinyi. Nyerere left Tanzania as one of the poorest and most foreign aid-dependent countries in the world, although much progress in services such as health and education had nevertheless been achieved. As such, Julius Nyerere is still a controversial figure in Tanzania. He remained the chairman of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi for another five years until 1990. He died of leukemia in London in 1999.
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