Murong Yanchao

Murong Yanchao (慕容彥超) (d. June 15, 952), known as one point as Yan Kunlun (閻崑崙), was a general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms states Later Tang, Later Jin, and Later Han. As a half-brother of Later Han's founder Liu Zhiyuan (Emperor Gaozu), he was particularly prominent during Later Han. After the Later Han throne was seized by the general Guo Wei, who founded Later Zhou, Murong initially submitted to Guo but then rebelled, but his rebellion was quickly suppressed, and he committed suicide.

It is not known when Murong Yanchao was born. However, as he was known to be a younger half-brother — born of the same mother, a Lady An — as Liu Zhiyuan, who was born in 895, he must have been born after. (Liu Chong, who was of the same father (a man named Liu Dian (劉琠)) as Liu Zhiyuan, might have been also born of Lady An.) Whereas Liu Zhiyuan was said to be Shatuo extraction, Murong was said to be of Tuyuhun extraction, suggesting that those were the respective ethnicities of their fathers. At one point, Murong took on the assumed surname of Yan, and was known by the name of Kunlun due to his dark beard.

In Murong Yanchao's youth, he served as an officer under Li Siyuan, who would later become an emperor of Later Tang. Subsequently, during Later Tang and its successor state Later Jin, he served successively as the prefect of four prefectures — Ci (磁州, in modern Handan, Hebei), Shan (單州, in modern Heze, Shandong), Pu (濮州, in modern Puyang, Henan), and Di (棣州, in modern Binzhou, Shandong). In 945, during Later Jin's war with its northern neighbor, the Khitan Liao dynasty, there was a battle in which he and Huangfu Yu (皇甫遇) the military governor (Jiedushi) of Yicheng Circuit (義成, headquartered in modern Anyang, Henan) were surrounded by the much more numerous Liao troops near the Zhang River, and fought for an entire day but were able to hold them off. They were eventually able to escape the Khitan troops after being relieved by An Shenqi (安審琦) the military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern Yuncheng). It was said that the entire Later Jin army became impressed with his and Huangfu's bravery.

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