Muhammad Ali Jouhar
| Muhammad Ali Jauhar | |
|---|---|
| Born |
10 December 1878 Rampur, Rampur State, British India |
| Died | 4 January 1931 (aged 52) Jerusalem, Palestine |
| Occupation | Journalist, scholar, political activist, poet |
| Known for | Khilafat movement |
| Political party |
Indian National Congress All-India Muslim League |
| Spouse(s) | Amjadi Bano Begum (m. 1902–1931) |
| Parent(s) | Abdul Ali Khan (father) Abadi Bano Begum (mother) |
Muhammad Ali Jauhar (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931), also known as Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar (Arabic: مَولانا مُحمّد علی جَوہر), was an Indian Muslim leader, activist, scholar, journalist and a poet, and was among the leading figures of the Khilafat Movement.
Mohammad Ali Jauhar was a product of the Aligarh Movement.
He was elected to become the President of Indian National Congress party in 1923 and it lasted only for a few months. He was also one of the founders and presidents of the All-India Muslim League.
Mohammad Ali was born in 1878 in Rampur, in the Rampur State of British India (in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India). His father, Abdul Ali Khan, died when he was five years old. His brothers were Shaukat, who became a leader of the Khilafat Movement, and Zulfiqar. His mother Abadi Begum (1852–1924), affectionately known as Bi Amma, inspired her sons to take up the mantle of the struggle for freedom from Colonial rule. To this end, she was adamant that her sons were properly educated.
Despite the early death of his father, Jouhar attended the Darul Uloom, Aligarh Muslim University and, in 1898, Lincoln College, Oxford, studying modern history.
Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the Baroda civil service. He became a writer and an orator of the first magnitude and a farsighted political leader, writing articles in major British and Indian newspapers like The Times, London, The Manchester Guardian and The Observer. He launched the English weekly The Comrade in 1911 in Calcutta. It quickly gained circulation and influence. He moved to Delhi in 1912 and there he launched an Urdu-language daily newspaper Hamdard in 1913. He married Amjadi Bano Begum (c. 1886–1947) in 1902. Begum was actively involved in the national and Khilafat movement.
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