Mosin-Nagant
| 3-line rifle M1891/Mosin–Nagant | |
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The Mosin–Nagant series of rifles. From top to bottom:
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| Type | Bolt-action rifle Sniper rifle (PU Sniper rifle only) |
| Place of origin | Russian Empire |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1891–present |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars |
Philippine Revolution First Italo-Ethiopian War Russo-Japanese War World War I Finnish Civil War Russian Revolution Russian Civil War Polish–Soviet War Turkish War of Independence Chinese Civil War Spanish Civil War Second Sino-Japanese War Soviet–Japanese border conflicts Winter War World War II First Indochina War Korean War Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Yemeni Civil War Sino-Indian War Laotian Civil War Vietnam War Cambodian Civil War Cambodian–Vietnamese War Thai–Laotian Border War Afghan Civil War Soviet war in Afghanistan Yugoslav Wars First and Second Chechen Wars War in Afghanistan Iraq War Russo-Georgian War Syrian Civil War 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine War in Donbass Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Captain Sergei Mosin, Léon Nagant. |
| Designed | 1891 |
| Manufacturer | Tula, Izhevsk, Sestroryetsk, Manufacture Nationale d'Armes de Châtellerault, Remington, New England Westinghouse, many others |
| Produced | 1891–1965 |
| No. built | ~37,000,000 (Russia/Soviet Union) |
| Variants | see Variants |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 4 kg (8.8 lb) (M91/30) 3.4 kg (7.5 lb) (M38) 4.1 kg (9.0 lb) (M44) |
| Length | 1,232 mm (48.5 in) (M91/30) 1,013 mm (39.9 in) (carbines) |
| Barrel length | 730 mm (29 in) (M91/30) 514 mm (20.2 in) (carbines) |
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| Cartridge |
7.62×54mmR (aka 7.62 Russian) 7.62×53mmR (Finnish variants only) 7.92×57mm Mauser (Polish variants & German captures) 8×50mmR Mannlicher (Austrian capture) |
| Action | Bolt action |
| Rate of fire | Variable |
| Muzzle velocity | Light ball, ~ 865 m/s (2,838 ft/s) rifle ~ 800 m/s (2,625 ft/s) carbine. |
| Effective firing range | 500 m (550 yards), 800+ m (875+ yards with optics) |
| Feed system | 5-round non-detachable magazine, loaded individually or with 5-round stripper clips. |
| Sights | Rear: ladder, graduated from 100 m to 2,000 m (M91/30) and from 100 m to 1,000 m (M38 and M44); Front: hooded fixed post (drift adjustable) PU 3.5 and PEM scope also mounted |
The 3-line rifle M1891 (Russian: трёхлинейная винтовка образца 1891 года, tryokhlineynaya vintovka obraztsa 1891 goda), colloquially known as Mosin–Nagant (Russian: Винтовка Мосина, ISO 9: Vintovka Mosina) is a five-shot, bolt-action, internal magazine–fed, military rifle developed from 1882 to 1891, and used by the armed forces of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and various other nations. It is one of the most mass-produced military bolt-action rifles in history with over 37 million units having been made since its inception in 1891, and, in spite of its age, it has been used in various conflicts around the world even up to the modern day.
During the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877–1878, Russian troops armed mostly with Berdan single-shot rifles suffered heavy casualties against Turkish troops equipped with Winchester repeating rifles, particularly at the bloody Siege of Pleven. This showed Russian commanders the need to modernize the general infantry weapon of the army.
It was the way in those days to think of a reliable and easily reloadable repeating rifle as the best solution for the problem. So, in the following years, many systems were acquired and tested by GAU of the Ministry of Defence of Russian Empire, and in 1889 the Lebel M1886 has been obtained through semi-official channels from France. It came along with the model of cartridge and bullet, but without a primer and the smokeless powder. Those problems have been solved by Russian scientists and engineers (the smokeless powder, for instance, has been produced by Dmitri Mendeleev himself).
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