Morganucodonta

Morganucodonta Temporal range: Late Triassic – Lower Cretaceous 210–140 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Life restoration of a Megazostrodon, Natural History Museum, London
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	Therapsida
Suborder:	Cynodontia
Clade:	Mammaliaformes
Clade:	†Morganucodonta Kermack, Mussett & Rigney, 1973
Subgroups
†Bridetherium †Hallautherium †Paceyodon †Purbeckodon †Morganucodontidae Kuhne, 1958  †Eozostrodon †Erythrotherium †Gondwanadon? †Helvetiodon †Morganucodon †Megazostrodontidae Gow, 1986  †Brachyzostrodon †Dinnetherium †Indozostrodon? †Megazostrodon †Wareolestes

Morganucodonta ("Glamorgan teeth") is an extinct order of basal mammaliaformes, the precursors to crown-group mammals (Mammalia). Their remains have been found in southern Africa, Western Europe, North America, India and China. The morganucodontans were probably insectivorous and nocturnal. Nocturnality is believed to have evolved in the earliest mammals in the Triassic (called the nocturnal bottleneck) as a specialisation that allowed them to exploit a safer, night-time niche, while most larger predators were likely to have been active during the day (although though some dinosaurs for example were nocturnal as well).

Morganucodontans had a double jaw articulation made up of the dentary-squamosal joint as well as a quadrate-articular one. They also retained their postdentary bones: the articular and quadrate. There is a trough at the back of the jaw on the inside (lingual) where the postdentary bones sat. The double jaw articulation and retention of the postdentary bones are characteristic of many of the earliest mammals, but are absent today in mammals: all crown-group mammals have a jaw that is composed of a single bone, and the articular and quadrate bones were eventually incorporated into the middle ear, becoming the malleus and incus respectively.