Monterey Pass
| Monterey Pass | |
|---|---|
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aliases: Monterey, Monterey Gap, Monterey Springs |
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South Mountain (Monterey Pass is at the top of the photo)
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| Elevation | ~1300 ft |
| Traversed by | Old Pennsylvania Route 16 |
| Location |
 Washington Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
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| Range | South Mountain |
| Coordinates | 39°44′09″N 77°28′28″W / 39.73583°N 77.47444°WCoordinates: 39°44′09″N 77°28′28″W / 39.73583°N 77.47444°W |
| Topo map | USGS |
| Map of area military engagements |
Monterey Pass is a mountain pass near Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania, and the Mason–Dixon line. The saddle area lies near Happel's Meadow between Monterey Peak (1,663 ft) and Clermont Crag (1627 ft). It was the site of the July 1863 Fight at Monterey Pass during the Retreat from Gettysburg.
The first military engagement at Monterey Pass was on June 22, 1863. Captain Robert B. Moorman, commanding Company D of the 14th Virginia Cavalry was dispatched eastward from the area between Greencastle, Pennsylvania, and Hagerstown, Maryland, to obtain horses reportedly available from local Southern sympathizers. After the company passed through Leitersburg, Maryland, and on to Caledonia Furnace; at Monterey the company encountered Bell's Adams County Cavalry and the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, both temporarily based in Gettysburg. After a very brief skirmish, the Confederate troops withdrew toward Hagerstown, joining General Richard S. Ewell, who was advancing with a larger force.
Previous combat in the area included a June 21 engagement at Fairfield, and subsequent engagements prior to the Battle of Gettysburg included the first combat of Adams County, Pennsylvania, during the Civil War. (Pennsylvania militia at Fountain Dale on June 28) and at Emmitsburg, Maryland, on June 24.
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Wikipedia