Monroe Township is a township in southern Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. It is an outer-ring suburb of New York City. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 39,132, reflecting an increase of 11,133 (+39.8%) from the 27,999 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,744 (+25.8%) from the 22,255 counted in the 1990 Census.

Monroe Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 9, 1838, from portions of South Amboy Township, based on the results of a referendum held that same day. Portions of the township were taken to form East Brunswick Township (February 28, 1860), Cranbury Township (March 7, 1872) and Jamesburg (March 19, 1887).

There are several age-restricted communities in the township. Despite major senior citizen growth, the median age in Monroe has changed from 52.5 in 1990, 58.9 in 2000 to 53.2 in 2010, meaning that more growth has been from single family homes in those 10 years, than with senior citizen developments. Monroe had the third-largest increase in population of any municipality in the state between 2010 and 2014, growing by 3,678 to 42,810, following two more urban locations, Jersey City and Elizabeth.

Monroe Township was founded in 1838 and named in honor of the President of the United States James Monroe.

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