Mongolia–Taiwan relations
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The Republic of China did not recognise Mongolia until 1945. The countries did not exchange any diplomats between 1946 and 1949, and Mongolia recognized the People's Republic of China at the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949.
In the absence of formal diplomatic relations between Mongolia and the Republic of China on Taiwan, the two countries have representative offices, which function as de facto embassies.
Taiwan is represented by a Taipei Trade and Economic Representative Office in Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia is represented by an Ulaanbaatar Trade and Economic Representative Office in Taipei.
Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing Dynasty in 1911, the same year in which the Republic of China was established following the Xinhai Revolution. Under the terms of the 1946 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, the Republic of China recognised Mongolian independence. However, due to a border conflict on the Khovd/Xinjiang border, no diplomatic relations were established in the 1946-49 period. In 1952, three years after the ROC's retreat to Taiwan, the ROC government accused the Soviets of violating the treaty; the following year, the ROC's Legislative Yuan voted to abrogate the treaty.
Taiwan continued to occupy China's seat in the United Nations until 1971 and used its position as a permanent member of the UN Security Council to block the admission of the Mongolian People's Republic into the UN throughout the 1950s. The only veto cast by the ROC during its membership in the UN was in 1955, against the admission of Mongolia. Thus, Mongolia was excluded from the UN until 1960, when the Soviet Union announced that unless Mongolia was admitted, it would block the admission of all of the newly independent African states. Faced with this pressure, the ROC relented under protest.
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