Molybdenum cofactor

Molybdenum cofactor

Names
Other names Moco, MoCo
Identifiers
CAS Number	872689-63-9 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
DrugBank	DB02137 Y
PubChem CID	25202532
SMILES [S-]C1=C([S-])C(N2)C(OC1COP(O)(O)=O)NC3=C2C(N=C(N)N3)=O.O=[Mo+2]=O
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H12MoN5O8PS2
Molar mass	521.28 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a metal-containing prosthetic group common to nearly all molybdoenzymes and is ubiquitous to all kingdoms of life. Moco-dependent enzymes play central roles in many biologically important processes such as purine and sulfur catabolism in mammals, anaerobic respiration in bacteria, and nitrate assimilation in plants. In humans, Moco deficiency results in the pleiotropic loss of activity of enzymes such as sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, and aldehyde oxidase, which in turn causes neurological abnormalities and early childhood death.

It is a coordination complex formed between molybdopterin (which, despite the name, does not contain molybdenum) and an oxide of molybdenum. The molybdenum in this cofactor is in its fully oxidized state (VI), similar to molybdenum in molybdate ion.

Unlike many other cofactors, Moco cannot be taken up as a nutrient, and thus requires de novo biosynthesis. Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis occurs in four steps: (i) the radical-mediated cyclization of nucleotide, guanosine triphosphate (GTP), to (8S)‑3',8‐cyclo‑7,8‑dihydroguanosine 5'‑triphosphate (3',8‑cH₂GTP), (ii) the formation of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) from the 3',8‑cH₂GTP, (iii) the conversion of cPMP into molybdopterin (MPT), (iv) the insertion of molybdate into MPT to form Moco.