Moclobemide
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| Trade names | Amira, Aurorix, Clobemix, Depnil, Manerix |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
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oral |
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| Bioavailability | 55-95% (increases with repeat administration) |
| Protein binding | 50% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Biological half-life | 1-2 hours, 4 hours (elderly) |
| Excretion | Renal, Faecal (<5%) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.163.935 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C13H17ClN2O2 |
| Molar mass | 268.739 g/mol |
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Moclobemide (sold as Amira, Aurorix,Clobemix , Depnil and Manerix) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) drug primarily used to treat depression and social anxiety. It is not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in other Western countries such as the UK and Australia (TGA approved in December 2000). It is produced by affiliates of the Hoffmann–La Roche pharmaceutical company. Initially, Aurorix was also marketed by Roche in South Africa, but was withdrawn after its patent rights expired and Cipla Medpro's Depnil and Pharma Dynamic's Clorix became available at half the cost.
No significant rise in blood pressure occurs when moclobemide is combined with amines such as tyramine-containing foods or pressor amine drugs, unlike with the older nonselective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which cause a severe rise in blood pressure with such combination. Due to the lack of anticholinergic, cardiovascular, cognitive and psychomotor impairments moclobemide is advantageous in the elderly as well as those with cardiovascular disease.
Reversible selective MAOIs such as moclobemide are widely underprescribed due to the misconception that the side effect profile of moclobemide is analogous to that of the irreversible and non-selective MAOIs. MAOIs such as moclobemide are reported to have a relatively fast onset of action compared to other antidepressant drug classes, and have good long-term tolerability in terms of side effects.
Tolerance does not seem to occur; research has found that moclobemide retains its beneficial therapeutic properties in depression for at least a year.
Similar to other MAOIs, reversible MAOIs such as moclobemide may also be effective in a range of other psychiatric disorders.Menopausal flushing may also respond to moclobemide. Moclobemide may also have benefit for some patients with Parkinson's Disease by extending and enhancing the effects of l-dopa.
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