Missouri State Guard

Missouri State Guard
Flag of the Missouri State Guard
Active	1861–1865
Country	Confederate States
Allegiance	Missouri
Type	State Guard
Size	23,000–28,000 (1861)
Engagements	American Civil War Battle of Boonville Battle of Cole Camp Battle of Carthage Battle of Athens Battle of Wilson's Creek Battle of Dry Wood Creek Battle of Liberty First Battle of Lexington Battle of Fredericktown First Battle of Springfield Skirmish at Blackwater Creek Battle of Roan's Tan Yard Battle of Pea Ridge Price's Raid
Disbanded	May 11, 1865
Commanders
Commander in Chief	C. F. Jackson
Major General	Maj. Gen. Sterling Price
Adjutant General	Brig. Gen. Warwick Hough

American Civil War

The Missouri State Guard (MSG) was a state defense force established by the Missouri General Assembly on May 15, 1861. While not a formation of the Confederate States Army, the Missouri State Guard fought alongside Confederate States troops and, at various times, served under Confederate officers.

The Missouri General Assembly passed the "Military Bill" on May 11, 1861, in direct response to the Camp Jackson Affair in St. Louis the previous day. The final version of the act approved on May 14 authorized the Governor of Missouri, Claiborne Fox Jackson, to disband the old Missouri Volunteer Militia and reform it as the Missouri State Guard to resist a feared invasion by the Union Army. It also outlawed or prohibited other militia organizations except those authorized by the Guard's district commanders. This was primarily aimed at preventing Unionist Missourians from organizing "Home Guard" companies in the areas outside the metropolitan St. Louis area. This prohibition included the predominantly unionist German United States Reserve Corps regiments mustered in St. Louis in excess of the Missouri requirement under the Federal Militia Act of 1792. The law did allow for formation of new local Home Guards under the auspices of the MSG, but these were limited to 14–17 and 45+ year olds. It also specified that the language of all spoken commands was to be English, a specification intended to exclude ethnic Germans, who were predominantly Unionist in their political orientation. The act divided the state into nine Military Districts based on the Federal Congressional Districts and made men ages 18 to 45 years of age eligible for MSG service unless exempted due to occupation, office or other reasons. While the act termed each district a "division", they were organized along brigade lines. The actual forces of a district consisted of all the regiments, not of brigades of these regiments. Each district's division was to be commanded by a brigadier general who was a resident of the district, and elected by the commissioned officers of the district. An act was passed on May 15 for the appointment of a major general to act as field commander; the first to be commissioned Major General was Sterling Price, the popular former governor and one of the most influential men in Missouri.