Mikhail Tomsky
| Mikhail Tomsky Михаил Томский |
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Tomsky as head of the trade union movement, 1920s
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| Chairman of the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions | |
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In office September 1922 – May 1929 |
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| Preceded by | Post established |
| Succeeded by | Alexander Dogadov |
| Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets | |
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In office 29 December 1921 – 28 December 1922 |
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| Preceded by | Pyotr Zalutsky |
| Succeeded by | Timofei Sapronov |
| General Secretary of the International Trade Union Council | |
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In office 1920 – 3 July 1921 |
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| President | Solomon Lozovsky |
| Preceded by | Post established |
| Succeeded by | Post abolished |
| Full member of the 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th Politburo | |
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In office 3 April 1922 – 13 July 1930 |
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| Full member of the 10th, 11th, 12th Orgburo | |
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In office 16 March 1921 – 2 June 1924 |
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| Candidate member of the 9th, 13th Orgburo | |
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In office 2 June 1924 – 1 January 1926 |
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In office 5 April 1920 – 16 March 1921 |
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| Personal details | |
| Born |
31 October 1880 Kolpino, Russian Empire |
| Died | 22 August 1936 (aged 55) Bolshevo, Soviet Union |
| Occupation | Trade unionist |
Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky (Russian: Михаи́л Па́влович То́мский, born Mikhail Pavlovich Yefremov – sometimes transliterated as Efremov; Михаи́л Па́влович Ефре́мов; 31 October 1880 – 22 August 1936) was a factory worker, trade unionist and Bolshevik leader. He was the Soviet leader of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions.
Tomsky attempted to form a trade union at his factory in St. Petersburg resulting in his dismissal.
His labour activities radicalized him politically and led him to become a socialist and join the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1904 and eventually join the Bolshevik faction of the party.
Born in Kolpino, Saint Petersburg Governorate in a lower-middle-class family of Russian ethnicity, Tomsky moved to Estonia (then part of the Russian Empire) and was involved in the 1905 Revolution. He helped form the Revel Soviet of Workers' Deputies and the Revel Union of Metal Workers. Tomsky was arrested and deported to Siberia.
He escaped and returned to St. Petersburg where he became president of the Union of Engravers and Chromolithographers.
Tomsky was arrested in 1908 and then exiled to France, but returned to Russia in 1909 where he was again arrested for his political activities and sentenced to five years of hard labour. He was freed by the Provisional Government after the February Revolution in 1917 and moved to Moscow where he participated in the October Revolution. In 1918 he attended the Fourth All Russian Conference of Trade Unions (12–17 March), where he moved a resolution concerning the Relations between the Trade Unions and the Commissariat for Labour which stated that the October Revolution had changed "the meaning and character of state organs and significance of proletarian organs as well". It was elaborated that previously the old ministry of Labour had acted as arbitrator between Labour and Capital, whereas the new Commissariat was the champion of the economic policy of the working class.
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