Michal Grazynski

Michał Grażyński (May 12, 1890, in Gdów – December 10, 1965, in London, United Kingdom) was a Polish military leader, social and political activist, doctor of philosophy and law, voivode of the Silesian Voivodeship, Scouting activist and president of Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego.

Born to a teacher's family in Gdów, in Austrian-ruled Polish Galicia, he attended Gimnazjum Św. Anny (St. Anna Gymnazium) in Kraków and Jagiellonian University, where he graduated in 1913, receiving the degree of Doctor of Philosophy for a dissertation about the history of the Polish monetary system. In 1914 he started work as teacher in Stanisławów (now Ivano-Frankivs'k, Ukraine), but after the 1st World War broke out he was mobilized into the Austro-Hungarian Army in the rank of Sub-Lieutenant, served on the Eastern Front and was wounded. In 1918 he joined the Polish Army and served in the intelligence and propaganda branch with the rank of Lieutenant. In 1919 during the Polish-Czechoslovakian border dispute he was involved in preparations for a plebiscite in Spisz (Spiš) and Orawa (Orava). In 1920 Grażyński was engaged in preparations for a plebiscite in Upper Silesia and the Silesian Uprising. He served under the nom de guerre "Borelowski" in the underground staff of Dowództwo Ochrony Plebiscytu (Plebiscite Protection Command), moving quickly to the staff of the Polish Military Organisation of Upper Silesia (Polska Organizacja Wojskowa, POW). He took part in the Third Silesian Uprising as Chief of Staff of Grupa "Wschód" (Combat Group "East"). After the uprising he retired from military service with the rank of Captain.

...
Wikipedia