Michael Borodin

Mikhail Markovich Borodin (Russian: Михаи́л Mápкoвич Бороди́н; July 9, 1884 – May 29, 1951) was the alias of Mikhail Gruzenberg, a prominent Comintern agent.

Borodin was born in a Jewish family in Yanovich, located in modern Vitebsk Region, Belarus. He joined the Bolshevik party in 1903 and became an associate of Vladimir Lenin’s in their underground work. In 1905, he chose to go into exile in the United States. While there, he attended classes at Valparaiso University in Indiana, and taught English to immigrant children in Jane Addams' Chicago Hull House. After the October Revolution of 1917, he returned to his motherland, working in the foreign relations department. From 1919 to 1922, he worked in Mexico, the United States and the United Kingdom as a Comintern agent. He was jailed for six months on 29 August 1922 in Glasgow, ostensibly for breaking immigration regulations, but his political mission was known too, and discussed in court.

When Sun Yat-sen requested the help of the Comintern, Borodin led a contingent of Soviet advisors to Guangzhou, where Sun had established a local government. English was the common language between the two. He negotiated the First United Front between the Chinese Nationalist Party of Sun Yat Sen and the Chinese Communist Party. Under his tutelage, both parties reorganized on the Leninist principles of democratic centralism and organized training institutes for mass organizations, such as the Peasant Training Institute, where the young Mao Zedong served, and the Whampoa Military Academy, which under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek trained officers for a party controlled army. He arranged shipments of Soviet arms and shrewdly kept a balance between the middle class elements of the Nationalists and the more radical Communists.

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