Matilda, Duchess of Saxony
| Matilda of England | |
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Detail from Matilda's tomb at Brunswick Cathedral (c. 1230)
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| Duchess of Saxony | |
| Tenure | 1168–1180 |
| Predecessor | Clementia of Zähringen |
| Successor | Judith of Poland |
| Duchess of Bavaria | |
| Tenure | 1168–1180 |
| Predecessor | Clementia of Zähringen |
| Successor | Agnes of Loon |
| Born | January 6, 1156 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England |
| Died | 28 June 1189 (aged 33) Brunswick, Lower Saxony |
| Burial | Brunswick Cathedral, Lower Saxony |
| Spouse | Henry the Lion |
| Issue Detail |
Matilda, Countess of Perche and Coucy Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine Lothar of Bavaria Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Swabia William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg |
| House | Plantagenet / Angevin |
| Father | Henry II of England |
| Mother | Eleanor of Aquitaine |
Matilda of England (German: Mathilde von England, also called Maud; 6 January 1156 – 28 June 1189) was the eldest daughter of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Through her marriage with the Welf duke Henry the Lion, she was Duchess consort of Saxony and Bavaria from 1168 until her husband's deposition in 1180.
Upon the disputed Papal election of 1159 and the succeeding schism, King Henry II established closer ties to the Holy Roman Empire; particularly when he himself came into conflict with the English clergy led by Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. Sent by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, the Cologne archbishop Rainald of Dassel arrived at the court of King Henry II at Rouen in 1065 to negotiate an English–German matrimonial alliance and the Welf duke Henry the Lion was chosen as a match for Matilda. There was conflict during the negotiations, however, when Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester refused to greet the German archbishop, alleging him to be a schismatic and a supporter of the anti-pope, Victor IV. The original plan to match the second daughter of King Henry II, Eleanor Plantagenet, with a son of Emperor Frederick, was abandoned, and instead Matilda left England with a large dowry in September 1167.
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