Mary Frances Clarke
| Mary Frances Clarke | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born | Dublin, Ireland |
| Baptised | 15 December 1802 |
| Died | 4 December 1887 (aged 84) Dubuque, Iowa, United States |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Occupation | Educator, sister of charity |
| Years active | 1828–1887 |
| Known for | Founding the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Clarke University |
Mother Mary Frances Clarke, B.V.M. (c. 15 December 1802 – 4 December 1887) was an Irish nun who founded the Catholic order of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Initially started in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to provide educational opportunities for immigrants' children, the order relocated in the 1840s to Dubuque, Iowa, and established prairie schools across the high plains. One of those initial schools later became Clarke University. She was posthumously inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame.
Mary Frances Clarke was baptized on 15 December 1802 at the St. Andrew's Chapel on Townsend Street in Dublin, Ireland. Her parents were Mary Anne (née Quartermaster) and Cornelius Clarke. Attending a penny school, which was the weekly price paid for basic elementary education in a national rather than a charity or church school, Clarke learned botany, music, needlework and to read and write. She later acted as a secretary and bookkeeper for her father's leather business. When the plague broke out in Dublin, Clarke and several friends moved into a slum area on North Anne Street in Dublin and began a girls' school. In 1831, she and three other women who had joined the Third Order of St. Francis, decided to live together and the following year, they opened a school, which they named Miss Clarke's Seminary. Before the school even fully got off the ground, the women heard of a need for teachers in the United States from a missionary priest who had observed their school on Anne Street. The five women, Clarke, Catherine Byrne, Eliza Kelly, Margaret Mann, and Rose O'Toole decided to emigrate to Philadelphia to teach the children of Irish immigrants.
In July 1833, the women traveled from Dublin to New York City and then on to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Because of an accident, they lost their money and had to depend on a stranger to help with their passage and Father Terence Donaghoe, to help them rent space once they arrived in Pennsylvania. The women took up piecework at a garment factory to pay their bills and allow them to establish the school. On 1 November 1833, Clarke founded the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary with her countrywomen. They remained in Philadelphia for the next 10 years, founded two private schools, and the order grew to 19 women. In 1843, a visiting Bishop, Mathias Loras, who was on his way to Baltimore asked the sisters to come and help him establish schools in Dubuque, Iowa, for Native Americans. In June, 1843, five sisters—Patrice Caniff, Elizabeth Kelly, Margaret Mann, Francis O'Reilly, and Joseph O'Reilly—accompanied by Bishop Loras and the newly appointed bishop of St. Louis, Peter Richard Kenrick, left by train heading west. At the end of the month, traveling by canal and rail, they arrived in Iowa, "becoming the first religious congregation in the Iowa Territory". Though teaching among the native tribes never materialized, the women had established a school for settlers' children, called St. Mary's Academy by the beginning of July. By September 1843, the rest of the sisters headed west, bringing their piano and arrived in October. A few months later, in May, 1844, Know Nothing rioters destroyed the school and convent in Philadelphia, causing Father Donaghoe to leave Philadelphia and join the sisters.
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