Martin Buber

Martin Buber
Born	February 8, 1878 Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Died	June 13, 1965(1965-06-13) (aged 87) Jerusalem
Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	Western Philosophy
School	Existentialism
Main interests	Ontology, Philosophical Anthropology
Notable ideas	Ich-Du (I-Thou) and Ich-Es (I-It)
Influences Immanuel Kant, Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Feuerbach, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Sigmund Freud, Wilhelm Dilthey, Rudolf Bultmann,
Influenced Abraham Joshua Heschel, Walter Kaufmann, Franz Rosenzweig, Hans Urs von Balthasar, Fritz Perls, Laura Perls, John Berger

Martin Buber (Hebrew: מרטין בובר‎‎, German: Martin Buber, Yiddish: מארטין בובער‎; February 8, 1878 – June 13, 1965) was an Austrian-born Israeli Jewish philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, a form of existentialism centered on the distinction between the I–Thou relationship and the I–It relationship. Born in Vienna, Buber came from a family of observant Jews, but broke with Jewish custom to pursue secular studies in philosophy. In 1902, he became the editor of the weekly Die Welt, the central organ of the Zionist movement, although he later withdrew from organizational work in Zionism. In 1923, Buber wrote his famous essay on existence, Ich und Du (later translated into English as I and Thou), and in 1925, he began translating the Hebrew Bible into the German language.

He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature ten times, and Nobel Peace prize seven times.

Martin (Hebrew name: מָרְדֳּכַי, Mordechai) Buber was born in Vienna to an Orthodox Jewish family. "Because his parents divorced when he was three years old, he was educated and raised by his grandfather in Lvov where he learned the Talmud, literature and the ways of Chassidism whose Rabbis and leaders he became exposed to." His grandfather, Solomon Buber, was a renowned scholar of Midrash and Rabbinic Literature. At home Buber spoke Yiddish and German. In 1892 Buber returned to his father's house in Lemberg, today's Lviv, Ukraine.