March on Rome

March on Rome
Benito Mussolini and Fascist Blackshirts during the March
Date 22–29 October 1922 Location Rome, Italy Action Blackshirts occupied the Po plain and took all strategic points of the country. Bands of fascist troops gathered outside Rome marched over Rome. It was the precipitating force behind a transfer of power within the framework of the constitution after the surrender of public authorities in the face of fascist intimidation. Result Fascist coup d'état, Benito Mussolini formed a new government
Government-Insurgents
Kingdom of Italy	National Fascist Party Blackshirts
Commanders and leaders
Luigi Facta Antonio Salandra	Benito Mussolini Emilio De Bono Italo Balbo Cesare Maria De Vecchi Michele Bianchi
Political support
Right-Wing Liberal and leftist parties	Military, the business class, various workers and proletarians
Military support
Italian Police and Armed Forces	30,000 Militiamen

National Fascist Party

The March on Rome (Italian: Marcia su Roma) was a march by which Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, or PNF) came to power in the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia). The march took place from 22 to 29 October 1922.

In March 1919, Benito Mussolini founded the first "Italian Combat Leagues" (Fasci Italiani di Combattimento) at the beginning of the "two red years" (biennio rosso). He suffered a defeat in the election of November 1919 mainly due to Mussolini’s attempt to “out-socialist the socialists” at the ballot box. But, by the election of 1921, Mussolini entered the Parliament.

Out of his "Fascist" party the Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale ("Blackshirts" or Squadristi) were formed. In August 1920, the Blackshirts were used to break the general strike which had started at the Alfa Romeo factory in Milan. In November 1920, after the assassination of Giordana (a right-wing municipal counsellor in Bologna), the Blackshirts were used as a repression tool by the state to crush the socialist movement (which included a strong anarcho-syndicalist component), especially in the Po Valley.

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