Magyar Party (Romania)
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National Magyar Party
Partidul Naţional Maghiar Országos Magyar Párt |
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|---|---|
| Leaders |
Sámuel Jósika (1922–1923) István Ugron (1923–1926) György Bethlen (1926–1938) |
| Founded | 28 December 1922 |
| Dissolved | 30 March 1938 |
| Ideology |
Hungarian minority interests Transylvanian regionalism |
| Political position | Centre |
The Magyar Party (Hungarian: Országos Magyar Párt; Romanian: Partidul Maghiar, PM, officially Partidul Naţional Maghiar) was a political party in post-World War I Romania.
The party had a heterogeneous structure, including bourgeois and landowners, peasants, workers, intellectuals and city-dwellers. It had powerful organisations in counties with a Hungarian majority, among whom it had a substantial electoral influence.
The party wished to obtain complete autonomy for the areas inhabited by a majority of Hungarians and Székelys; it foresaw Hungarians handling administration and all social-cultural problems, but asked that Hungarian-language confessional schools be funded by the Romanian state at all levels. Its tactical line underwent a certain oscillation. In the years right after 1918, several Magyar political formations appeared, some calling for integration into the just-unified Romanian state, others not recognising the new realities settled through the Alba Iulia Resolution. After the June 1920 signing of the Treaty of Trianon, the Magyar Party, which declared itself the representative of all Hungarians in Romania, came to be established. After Hitler came to power in Germany and Miklós Horthy's régime sharpened its revisionist rhetoric, the party leadership more often than not took anti-Romanian stances, following the Budapest government's line.
At the end of October 1918, the National Magyar Council (Ro.: Consiliul Naţional Maghiar, CNM) was founded at Cluj, while the National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party (Partidul Naţional Democrat Maghiar-Secuiesc, PNDM-S), led by Béla Maurer, was founded at Târgu Mureş. While the CNM hedged its bets, hoping for a change in the situation through the signing of a peace treaty, the PNDM-S decided to collaborate with the authorities and to participate in the November 1919 election, in which it received 8 seats in the Assembly of Deputies. PNDM-S also took part in the 1920 election, expressing its desire to take part in the country's political life and condemning its co-nationals' passive attitude. After the Treaty of Trianon was signed, Magyar political leaders changed their attitude. The October 1920 PNDM-S congress, which took place at Târgu Mureş, decided that the Hungarians of Romania should renounce its reserved attitude and stand beside all of Romania's inhabitants in the postwar nation-building process.
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