Magnus of Livonia
| Magnus | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Bishop of Ösel-Wiek | |
| Reign | 1560–1572 |
| Bishop of Courland | |
| Reign | 1560–1583 |
| King of Livonia (nominal) | |
| Reign | 1570–1578 |
| Born |
5 September 1540 Copenhagen Castle |
| Died | 28 March 1583 (aged 42) Pilten |
| Burial | Pilten (1583) Roskilde Cathedral (1662) |
| Consort | Maria Vladimirovna of Staritsa |
| Issue |
Marie of Oldenburg Eudoxia of Oldenburg |
| House | Oldenburg |
| Father | Christian III of Denmark |
| Mother | Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg |
| Religion | Lutheranism |
Magnus of Holstein (5 September [O.S. 26 August] 1540 – 28 March [O.S. 18 March] 1583) was a Prince of Denmark and a member of the House of Oldenburg. As a vassal of Ivan IV of Russia, he was the titular King of Livonia from 1570 to 1578.
Duke Magnus was born at the Copenhagen Castle in 1540 as the second son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. At the age of 17 he was sent to Germany to be educated at various German courts. Following the death of his father in 1559, he returned to Denmark for the coronation of his older brother, King Frederick II of Denmark.
The same year, the prince-bishop of Ösel-Wiek and Courland Johannes V von Münchhausen in Old Livonia sold his lands to King Frederick II for 30,000 thalers. To avoid hereditary partition of his lands, King Frederick II gave that territory to his younger brother Magnus on condition that he renounced his rights to succession in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. In 1560, Magnus landed with an army on Saaremaa where he was immediately elected bishop by the cathedral chapter.
During the Livonian War, on 10 June 1570, Duke Magnus arrived in Moscow, where he was crowned King of Livonia by Ivan IV. Magnus took the oath of allegiance to Ivan as his overlord and received from the corresponding charter for the vassal kingdom of Livonia in what Ivan termed his patrimony. The treaty between Magnus and Ivan IV was signed by an oprichnik and by a member of the zemskii administration, the dyak Vasily Shchelkalov. The territories of the new kingdom still had to be conquered, but even so Põltsamaa Castle was proclaimed the future official residence of the king.
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