Magnesium citrate

Magnesium citrate

Names
IUPAC name Magnesium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Identifiers
CAS Number	7779-25-1 N
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:131389 N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2105061 N
ChemSpider	8605 N
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.021
EC Number	231-923-9
E number	E345 (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem	24511
InChI InChI=1S/2C6H8O7.3Mg/c2*7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h2*13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;;3*+2/p-6 Y Key: PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H Y
SMILES C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[Mg+2]
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H6MgO7
Molar mass	214.41 g·mol−1
Solubility in water	20 g/100ml
Pharmacology
ATC code	A06AD19 (WHO) A12CC04 (WHO), B05CB03 (WHO)
Related compounds
Related salts	Magnesium citrate (3:2)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Magnesium citrate is a magnesium preparation in salt form with citric acid in a 1:1 ratio (1 magnesium atom per citrate molecule). The name "magnesium citrate" is ambiguous and sometimes may refer to other salts such as trimagnesium citrate which has a magnesium:citrate ratio of 3:2.

Magnesium citrate is used medicinally as a saline laxative and to completely empty the bowel prior to a major surgery or colonoscopy. It is available without a prescription, both as a generic and under various brand names including Citromag and Citroma. It is also used in the pill form as a magnesium dietary supplement. It contains 11.23% magnesium by weight. Compared to trimagnesium citrate, it is much more water-soluble, less alkaline, and contains less magnesium.

As a food additive, magnesium citrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E345.

Magnesium citrate works by attracting water through the tissues by a process known as osmosis. Once in the intestine, it can attract enough water into the intestine to induce defecation. The additional water stimulates bowel motility. This means it can also be used to treat rectal and colon problems. Magnesium citrate functions best on an empty stomach, and should always be followed with a full (eight ounce or 25 cl) glass of water or juice to help the magnesium citrate absorb properly and help prevent any complications. Magnesium citrate solutions generally produce bowel movement in one half to six hours.

The maximum upper tolerance limit (UTL) for magnesium in supplement form for adults is 350 mg of elemental magnesium per day, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In addition, according to the NIH, total dietary requirements for magnesium from all sources (i.e., food and supplements) is 320–420 mg of elemental magnesium per day, though there is no UT for dietary magnesium.